Late August on a reservoir, and the water is two feet lower than it was on Memorial Day. The dock still floats perfectly level, but the walk down to it has turned into a steep little slide, and someone carrying a cooler is taking it very slowly. That walk is the floating dock ramp, and together with the brackets, hinges and pins that hold the sections together, it decides whether a floating dock feels solid or sketchy. This guide covers how a floating dock connects to shore and how its sections connect to each other, using the figures makers and retailers actually publish.

In short: a floating dock ramp (or gangway) is hinged at the shore end and rests on rollers or a slider on the dock, so it can change angle as the water rises and falls. The longer the ramp, the gentler the slope for the same change in water level. The U.S. Access Board’s guidance for covered public boating facilities sets a 1:12 maximum slope for gangways, with exceptions; private docks are not bound by it, but it is a useful benchmark. Floating dock hardware (corner brackets, hinge connectors, pipe holders, stiff arms) is usually hot-dip galvanized steel for fresh water, with stainless or aluminum options for salt.
What a floating dock ramp actually does
A floating dock moves; the shore does not. The ramp bridges the two, so it has to allow movement at both ends. The usual arrangement in floating dock systems is a hinge at the shore end, bolted to a seawall, a concrete pad, a deck or posts, and rollers or wheels on the dock end, which roll back and forth across the deck as the angle changes. Wahoo, for example, describes its aluminum gangways as equipped with a bulkhead hinge mount and deck rollers, with rollers on the dock end. Dock Hardware’s DH-RRA4 ramp roller assembly is sold for exactly this job, to support floating dock ramps as water levels rise and fall.
A floating dock gangway and a floating dock ramp are much the same thing on a residential dock; makers tend to say gangway for the longer, railed versions. Both differ from a transition plate, the short hinged plate at the end of a gangway that smooths the step onto the dock. Some systems skip the separate ramp altogether: Multinautic’s semi-floating dock kit has one end linked to the shore and the other on floats, and the maker says it adjusts automatically to water level changes of up to 1 m (3 ft).
EZ Dock says the best docks for lakes with fluctuating water are those with a gangway, which lets the dock sit over deeper water. For bigger swings, see our guide to a floating dock on a river.
Ramp length, water level and slope: the simple geometry
The ramp is the long side of a right triangle. The height of that triangle is the difference between the shore hinge and the dock deck, and it changes with the water. To size a ramp, you need the lowest water level you expect, because that is usually when the drop is greatest and the ramp is steepest (if the dock can rise above the shore hinge at high water, check that end too). Slope is the rise divided by the horizontal run.
A worked example (illustrative numbers, not a recommendation): say the dock deck sits 3 ft (0.9 m) below the shore hinge at your lowest water. Here is what different ramp lengths give you:
| Ramp length | Drop at low water | Horizontal run | Slope | Angle |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 ft (4.9 m) | 3 ft | about 15.7 ft | about 1:5.2 (19%) | about 10.8° |
| 24 ft (7.3 m) | 3 ft | about 23.8 ft | about 1:7.9 (12.6%) | about 7.2° |
| about 36 ft (11 m) | 3 ft | 36 ft | 1:12 (8.3%) | about 4.8° |
| 16 ft, water 2 ft higher | 1 ft | about 16 ft | about 1:16 (6.3%) | about 3.6° |
The pattern is what matters: doubling the drop doubles the slope, and only a longer ramp brings it back down. The same 16 ft ramp that is a gentle walk at summer pool level can feel steep after a drawdown. That is why makers sell ramps in a range of lengths. ShoreMaster’s residential gangway comes 4 ft wide in 16, 20 and 24 ft lengths; Wahoo lists widths from 32 to 72 in and lengths up to 80 ft; Tommy Docks sells modular aluminum gangways in 4, 8 and 12 ft sections. Ask your dealer for their own slope guidance, and give them your real high and low water numbers.
What the ADA guidance says about gangway slope
The U.S. Access Board’s guide to the ADA standards for recreational boating facilities is the clearest published benchmark. It says gangways must be designed to provide for a maximum 1:12 (8.33%) slope, but are not required to be longer than 80 ft. In smaller facilities with fewer than 25 boat slips, the slope may exceed 1:12 if the gangway is at least 30 ft long. Landings are not required at the ends of gangways if transition plates are provided, and a transition plate steeper than 1:20 (5%) needs a landing.
Two cautions. First, these rules apply where gangways are part of the accessible route to accessible boat slips at newly built or altered recreational boating facilities covered by the ADA (marinas, public launches, piers); a private dock behind your house is not the target. Second, local building codes, lake associations and permits may still set their own rules, so check our permits and local rules guide before you build.
Ramp materials and features
- Aluminum frames are the norm for bought gangways: light enough to handle, and they don’t rot. Tommy Docks says its marine-grade aluminum frames will not rust or rot. Candock’s 4 x 16 ft welded aluminum gangway lists a maximum load of 1,750 lb; Wahoo lists load capacities up to 100 lb per sq ft. Many makers publish no load rating at all; Tommy Docks only says its frames are rated for foot traffic, gear and the occasional loaded hand cart.
- Decking can be cedar, composite, polypropylene panels or aluminum. Tommy Docks offers cedar, composite and thermoformed decking on the same frame; ShoreMaster and Candock sell the frame with decking sold separately.
- Handrails. ShoreMaster says handrails are necessary for the longer distances its gangways span. Candock’s 16 ft gangway has 42 in bolt-on railings on both sides; Wahoo’s dual handrails are standard, with a no-handrail option only under 20 ft.
- Transition plates cover the step between the end of the ramp and the dock deck. Candock’s welded gangways include a 16 in transition plate; Wahoo sells them as an accessory.
- Non-slip surface. A wet ramp at an angle is where people fall. Choose textured decking or anti-slip treads (Wahoo lists anti-slip cleats as an accessory), and keep the surface clear of algae.
Prices vary a lot, from a short modular section to a long railed gangway. When checked in October 2026: Tommy Docks listed its aluminum gangway with Titan decking at $775 (4 ft), $1,575 (8 ft) and $2,375 (12 ft); boatliftanddock.com listed ShoreMaster’s residential gangway at $3,595 (length not stated on the page) and Candock’s 4 x 16 ft railed gangway at $4,855. All three ship as freight or require pickup for longer sizes.
Floating dock hardware, piece by piece
Wood-frame and many aluminum floating docks are held together by a small set of steel parts. If you are building your own frame or repairing an old one, these are the names you’ll see:
| Part | What it does | Published example |
|---|---|---|
| Inside corner bracket | Squares and stiffens the frame from inside each corner | Extreme Max inside corner kit: 3.2 mm galvanized steel, 2 corners and 4 backer plates |
| Outside corner (male / female) | Wraps the outside corner; paired male and female corners make a hinge point between sections | Dock Hardware DH-M and DH-F: 1/4 in hot-dip galvanized, 10-1/4 x 5 in legs |
| Corner bracket for small frames | Joins frame boards at the corner | Tommy Docks CB5: 3/16 in hot-dip galvanized, for 2 x 6 frames, 1/2 in carriage bolts sold separately |
| Hinge / link connector (T-style) | Joins two dock sections along a face so they can flex | Extreme Max link kit: two 5 in square hinge-link assemblies with backer plates |
| Backer plate | Spreads the bolt load on the inside face of the board | Included in most kits; Extreme Max says they reduce pull-through and worn holes |
| Pipe holder / collar | Holds a vertical pipe the dock slides up and down | Tommy Docks pipe guide kit: auger, pipe, sleeve bracket and cap, $96 |
| Stiff arm | Rigid arm from shore that stops side-to-side drift while the dock rises and falls | ShoreMaster heavy-duty stiff arm: to a seawall, deck or post; pipe sold separately |
| Float bracket | Bolts the floats under the frame | Patriot Docks sections include float mounting bracket sets |
| Bumpers and edging | Protect boats from the dock edge | Dock Edge Full Face profile: flexible marine-grade PVC, 4-1/2 in high, three 8 ft pieces |
Read the bolt sizes before you order: many brackets take 1/2 in carriage bolts, some take 3/8 in, and mounting bolts are often sold separately (Tommy Docks and Extreme Max both say so on the parts above). Cleats are a separate purchase; bolt them through the frame with a backer, not just into decking. For tying up, see safe boarding and tying up, and for ladders, cleats and bumpers, our dock ladders and accessories guide.
Stiff arms and pipes are also part of how the dock stays in place, which is covered in more depth in how to anchor a floating dock. ShoreMaster notes that a stiff arm is a good choice where augering into the lake bottom, river bed or seafloor is restricted or prohibited.
Extreme Max 3005.5588 Floating Dock Link Connector Kit
- Two 5 in hinge-link sets
- Backer plates included
- Galvanized, about $81
Dock Hardware DH-CLK Floating Dock Corner Link Kit
- 1/4 in hot-dip galvanized
- Male + female corners, pin
- 16 bolt sets, about $100
Patriot Docks Low-Profile Floating Hinge Kit
- Marine-grade aluminum
- 4 ft x 1 in hinge pipe
- About $107
Extreme Max 3005.5516 Dock Inside Corner Bracket Kit
- 3.2 mm galvanized steel
- 2 corners, 4 backer plates
- Freshwater, about $29
Galvanized, stainless or aluminum: fresh vs saltwater
Most floating dock hardware sold in the US is hot-dip galvanized steel: strong, affordable and well suited to fresh water. Makers are fairly honest about its limits. Extreme Max says its galvanized inside corner kit protects against rust in freshwater marine environments; Tommy Docks says its galvanized pipe guide kit is not recommended for salt or brackish water. On the other side, Dock Hardware describes its 1/4 in hot-dip galvanized corners as corrosion resistant in fresh or salt water, and also sells a 316 stainless steel line for saltwater docks, which it says lasts up to 5 times longer in fresh water and up to 10 times longer in salt than its galvanized connectors.
Aluminum is common for frames, gangways and some hinges; Patriot Docks’ hinge kit is marine-grade aluminum, and the maker describes it for freshwater use. If you dock in salt or brackish water, ask the maker directly which hardware line they recommend, use one metal family where parts touch, and rinse and inspect bolts every season. For EZ Dock systems, the maker says hardware is available for both fresh and salt water.
How floating dock sections connect
There are two basic ideas. A rigid connection bolts sections into one stiff platform; it feels solid underfoot but passes every wave load through the joints. A hinged connection lets sections flex at the joint, so each piece can follow the water. Most wood and aluminum floating dock sections use hinged links: Extreme Max’s kit mounts through the faceboards of two opposing sections, and Patriot Docks says its hinge kit is designed to flex with changing water levels, with a hinge set used every 16 ft of floating dock.
Modular plastic docks use their own connectors. Candock cubes are joined by a polyethylene connecting pin that passes through the tabs of neighboring cubes and threads into a sliding nut, tightened with a G2 key. EZ Dock sections are linked with its coupler system, which the maker says gives stability and shock absorption; the same couplers attach EZ Dock to gangways, stiff arms and other docks. If you are mixing brands, ask about adapters before you buy. Our modular docks page compares these systems, and floating dock designs and layouts shows how sections are usually arranged (straight, L, T and U shapes).
Inflatable docks are a different case: they are usually anchored as stand-alone platforms rather than linked to a ramp, and makers such as RAVE say not to connect them directly to piers or other hard objects. See inflatable docks for how those work.
Putting it together
- Measure the water. Note high and low levels for the season, and the height of your shore abutment.
- Choose the ramp length from the drop at low water, using the geometry above and your maker’s guidance.
- Build or set a solid shore abutment for the hinge: a seawall, concrete pad or set posts.
- Put rollers on the dock end, with enough deck length for them to travel, and a transition plate if the step is high.
- Connect the sections with the maker’s hinges or couplers, backer plates on every bolt through wood.
- Hold the dock in place with pipes, stiff arms or anchors, then check every bolt after the first storm.
The full sequence, from site check to first season, is in our floating dock installation guide, and the Setup and Care hub has the rest.
Floating dock ramp and hardware questions
How long should a floating dock ramp be?
Long enough that the slope is comfortable at your lowest water. Find the drop from shore hinge to dock deck at low water and work out the slope for each length you are considering; a 3 ft drop is about 1:5 on a 16 ft ramp and about 1:8 on a 24 ft ramp. Public facilities covered by the ADA aim for 1:12, which would take about 36 ft for that same drop.
Which end of the gangway gets the hinge?
Usually the shore end is hinged and the dock end rolls on wheels or a slider, because the dock moves and the shore does not. Makers sell both ends as options: Wahoo, for instance, lists a bulkhead hinge and a roller assembly as separate end options for its aluminum gangways.
Can I use galvanized floating dock hardware in salt water?
Some makers say yes and some say no, product by product. Tommy Docks says its galvanized pipe guide kit is not recommended for salt or brackish water, while Dock Hardware describes its hot-dip galvanized corners as corrosion resistant in fresh or salt water and sells a 316 stainless line for saltwater docks. Follow the maker of the part you buy.
How do floating dock connectors work?
On framed docks, a male and female plate (T-style or corner) bolt to facing sections and a steel pin drops through their ears, making a hinge. On modular plastic docks, pins or couplers lock the sections together. Either way, the joint is meant to flex a little; check pins and bolts every season.










